Pterygium is a non-cancerous, triangular-shaped growth of tissue on the conjunctiva (the clear tissue that covers the white part of the eye) that can extend onto the cornea (the clear front surface of the eye). It is commonly referred to as “conjunctival growth” or “surfer’s eye” due to its frequent association with prolonged exposure to UV rays, wind, and dust, often in outdoor environments.
PTERYGIUM (CONJUNCTIVAL GROWTH)
By clicking the button below, you can reach us via the contact page, fill out the form on the page accurately and completely to get in touch with us, and schedule an online appointment…
Causes and Risk Factors
Pterygium develops as a result of abnormal growth of tissue in the conjunctiva. The exact cause is not completely understood, but several factors can contribute to its formation:
- UV Radiation: Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun is a major risk factor for pterygium. This is why it is commonly seen in individuals who spend long hours outdoors, such as athletes (e.g., surfers), farmers, and construction workers.
- Dry or Dusty Environments: Environments with high levels of dust, wind, and dry conditions can irritate the eyes and promote the growth of pterygium.
- Genetic Factors: A family history of pterygium may increase the likelihood of developing the condition, suggesting a genetic predisposition.
- Age: Pterygium is more commonly seen in individuals over the age of 40, although it can affect people of all ages.
Symptoms of Pterygium
In the early stages, pterygium may not cause any noticeable symptoms. However, as the condition progresses, the following symptoms can occur:
- Redness in the Eye: The affected area may appear red or inflamed.
- Irritation or Gritty Sensation: Individuals may feel like there is something in their eye, leading to discomfort.
- Dry Eyes: The growth may interfere with the normal functioning of the tear film, causing dry eye symptoms.
- Blurred Vision: If the pterygium grows onto the cornea, it may cause blurred or distorted vision.
- Cosmetic Concerns: The visible growth on the eye can lead to cosmetic concerns for some people, especially if it affects the appearance of the eye.
Diagnosis
Pterygium is diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam. The eye doctor will typically:
- Conduct a Visual Acuity Test: To check if vision has been affected by the growth.
- Examine the Eye: Using a slit lamp microscope to inspect the eye’s surface, especially the conjunctiva and cornea, for the presence of the pterygium.
- Check for Symptoms: The doctor will also assess for dryness, irritation, or discomfort in the eye.
In some cases, if the pterygium is large or causes significant vision problems, additional tests may be required to assess its impact on vision.
Treatment Options
The treatment for pterygium depends on the severity of the condition. Options include:
Conservative Management:
- Artificial Tears: To relieve dryness and irritation.
- Anti-Inflammatory Medications: Prescription eye drops containing steroids may be used to reduce inflammation and redness, particularly if the pterygium becomes inflamed.
- UV Protection: Wearing sunglasses with UV protection and avoiding direct sun exposure can help prevent further growth of the pterygium.
Surgical Treatment:
- Excision: If the pterygium grows large, causes significant discomfort, or affects vision, surgical removal may be necessary. The procedure involves removing the growth and, in some cases, covering the area with a graft of healthy tissue to prevent recurrence.
- Autograft or Amniotic Membrane Graft: To prevent recurrence, the excised area can be covered with a graft from the patient’s own tissue (autograft) or an amniotic membrane.
Post-Surgery Care:
- After surgery, patients may need to use eye drops to prevent infection and promote healing.
- Follow-up visits are essential to monitor healing and ensure there is no recurrence of the pterygium.
Prevention
While pterygium cannot always be prevented, several measures can reduce the risk of developing it:
- Wear Sunglasses: Protect your eyes from harmful UV rays by wearing sunglasses with 100% UV protection.
- Use Hats or Caps: Wearing a wide-brimmed hat can provide additional shade and reduce UV exposure.
- Avoid Dusty or Windy Environments: If working in or visiting dusty areas, wearing protective eyewear can help protect your eyes.
- Use Artificial Tears: For those who live in dry or windy environments, using artificial tears regularly can help reduce irritation and dryness that may contribute to pterygium formation.
Prognosis
Most cases of pterygium are benign and can be managed effectively with either conservative treatment or surgery. However, there is a risk of recurrence after surgery, especially if UV protection is not used post-operatively. The long-term outlook for individuals with pterygium is generally good with proper care.
Conclusion
Pterygium is a common condition that can cause discomfort and vision problems if left untreated. Early detection and management are key to preventing complications. In more severe cases, surgical treatment can effectively remove the growth and restore normal vision. Taking preventive measures, such as wearing UV-protective eyewear, can help reduce the risk of developing pterygium. If you experience symptoms such as irritation, redness, or blurred vision, consult an eye care professional for appropriate evaluation and treatment.
