Vitrectomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove the vitreous gel from the eye to treat various retinal and vitreous disorders. It is often necessary when the vitreous becomes clouded, filled with blood, or pulling on the retina, affecting vision.
VITRECTOMY
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Why Is Vitrectomy Performed?
Vitrectomy is used to treat several eye conditions, including:
- Retinal Detachment: Helps reposition and reattach the retina.
- Vitreous Hemorrhage: Clears bleeding inside the eye due to conditions like diabetic retinopathy.
- Macular Hole: Removes traction on the retina to allow the hole to close.
- Epiretinal Membrane (Macular Pucker): Smooths the wrinkled retinal surface.
- Severe Eye Infections (Endophthalmitis): Clears infection and inflammation.
- Intraocular Foreign Bodies: Removes objects that penetrate the eye.
- Complications from Cataract Surgery: Treats persistent issues affecting vision.
How Is Vitrectomy Performed?
- Anesthesia: The procedure is typically performed under local or general anesthesia.
- Small Incisions: Tiny incisions (less than 1mm) are made in the sclera (white part of the eye).
- Vitreous Removal: A microsurgical instrument removes the vitreous gel.
- Retinal Repair (If Needed): Any retinal damage is treated (e.g., laser or cryotherapy).
- Replacement Fluid: The vitreous is replaced with saline, gas, or silicone oil to maintain eye shape.
- Incision Closure: The tiny cuts usually heal without stitches.
Recovery After Vitrectomy
- Blurred vision is common for a few weeks.
- If a gas bubble is used, patients must maintain head positioning to help the retina heal.
- Avoid strenuous activities and air travel until cleared by a doctor.
- Eye drops are prescribed to prevent infection and inflammation.
Risks and Complications
Vitrectomy is generally safe, but possible risks include:
- Infection (Endophthalmitis)
- Retinal Detachment
- Increased Eye Pressure (Glaucoma)
- Cataract Formation (Common in older patients)
Conclusion
Vitrectomy is an effective surgical treatment for serious retinal and vitreous conditions. While recovery varies, most patients experience significant vision improvement once healing is complete.
